awalé

Following Le Monde puzzle #810, I tried to code an R program (not reproduced here) to optimise an awalé game but the recursion was too rich for R:

Error: evaluation nested too deeply:
infinite recursion / options(expressions=)?

even with a very small number of holes and seeds in the awalé… Searching on the internet, it seems the computer simulation of a winning strategy for an awalé game still is an open problem! Here is a one-step R function that does  not produce sure gains for the first player, far from it, as shown by the histogram below…  I would need a less myopic strategy by iterating  this function at least twice.

onemorestep=function(x,side){
# x current state of the awale,
# side side of the awale (0 vs 1)

M=length(x);N=as.integer(M/2)
rewa=rep(0,M)
newb=matrix(0,ncol=M,nrow=M)

for (i in ((1:N)+N*side)){

 if (x[i]>0){
   y=x
   y[i]=0
   for (t in 0:(x[i]-1))
     y[1+(i+t)%%M]=y[1+(i+t)%%M]+1

   last=1+(i+t)%%M
   if (side){ gain=(last<=N)
    }else{ gain=(last>N)}

   if (gain){# ending up on the right side
     rewa[i]=0
     while (((last>0)&&(side))||((last>N)||(!side)))
     if ((y[last]==2)||(y[last]==3)){
          rewa[i]=rewa[i]+y[last];y[last]=0
          last=last-1
          }else{ break()}
     }
   newb[i,]=y
   }
  }
if (max(rewa)>0){
  sol=order(-rewa)[1]
  }else{ sol=rang=((1:N)+N*side)[x[((1:N)+N*side)]>0]
   if (length(rang)>1) sol=sample(rang,1,prob=x[rang]^3)}

   return(list(reward=max(rewa),board=newb[sol,]))
}

interesting puzzle

In addition to its weekly mathematics puzzles, Le Monde is now publishing a series of vulgarisation books on mathematics, under the patronage of Cédric Villani. Jean-Michel Marin brought me two from the series, one on the golden number and one on Pythagoras’ theorem. (This is actually a translation of a series published by El Pais last year.) Those books are a bit stretched given the topic, even though I enjoyed the golden number (the second one having a lot of redundancy with the first one.) However, I came upon an interesting question, namely about the maximum size of a cube that could fit through a tunnel drilled through the unit cube. Sadly, I could not find an answer to this problem on the web, even though the book mentions a solution with a side larger than one…

Le Monde puzzle [#810]

The current puzzle is as follows:

Take a board with seven holes and seeds. The game starts with one player putting the seeds on the holes as he or she wishes. The other player picks a seed wherever. Then, alternatively, each player picks a seed in a hole contiguous to the previous one. The loser is the one finding only empty holes to pick from. Who is the winner with 28? 29? 30 seeds?

This is a simplified version of the awalé or oware we used to play with my kids.

I first defined a recursive function on the win/loose value of a particular location, based on the assumption that each player was picking the best location at each step:

f=function(x,i){
 if (x[i]==0){# losing location
    v=0;return(v)}else{

   if ((i>1)&&(i<7)){
     x[i]=x[i]-1;return(1-max(f(x,i-1),f(x,i+1)))
     }else{

       if (i==1){ x[i]=x[i]-1;return(1-f(x,2))}
       if (i==7){ x[i]=x[i]-1;return(1-f(x,6))}
       }
}}

and then checked whether or not winning solutions were available for 28, 29, and 30 seeds dropped at random:

N=28 #number of seeds
glosol=1  #boolean
for (t in 1:10^3){#random starts

  seeds=sample(1:7,N,rep=TRUE)
  x=rep(0,7)
  for (i in 1:7) x[i]=sum(seeds==i)

  sol=i=0 #second player result
  while ((i<7)&&(sol==0)){
        i=i+1;sol=f(x,i)}
  if (sol==0){ #winning configuration for first player
    glosol=0;print(x);break()}
  }

getting solutions for 28 (5 6 2 3 5 5 2) and 30 (6 6 2 4 4 5 3), but none for 29.

Actually, the rule seems to be that odd numbers get no solutions and even numbers get solutions (e.g., 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 for 8 seeds). (This means further that to build a winning allocation for 2N seeds, we only need to take a configuration at random with 2N+1 seeds and check which seed we need to remove to get a winning (for the “other” player) configuration.)