Nature snapshots [10 November]

As I was reading Nature in a [noisy] train from Coventry to London, I came across

• India (federal) government scapping nearly 300 science awards this year
• a re-analysis of a sudden infant death conviction in Australia relying on rare genetic mutations rather than statistics (as in Sally Clark’s case)
• a book review about a story of the Huxley family that made me realise I had confused most of them as a single person
• a DNA analysis of Black Death survivors (in both London and Denmark), showing natural selection occurred very quickly during the pandemic and increased the risk of autoimmune diseases
• a genuine design of experiment that demonstrated that light grazing by sheep increases diversity, while fertilization does not
• an astronomy paper on cooling supernovae using Bayes factors
• an attempt at rationalising the answer to the Covid threat involving a large panel of experts (and my colleague Miquel Olui-Barton as a co-author)
• a pessimistic assessment by graduate students of their career prospects

살인의 추억 [Memories of Murder]

After watching Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite (which I found too farcical and demonstrative a social satire), I was recommended to take a look at his 2003 Memories of Murder. Which is indeed most impressive in his depiction of a serial murderer of young women in a small industrial town in South Korea in the late 1980’s. Most actors in the film are fantastic, bringing complexity to characters that are not particularly congenial. Besides the detective work, which hits one dead end after another, the rendering of the crooked and brutal police force, hitting at suspect until they confess, of the political setting of a military regime violently repressing demonstrations, of the threat of North Korea leading to evacuation exercises and mandatory blackouts, of the massive impact of the industrialisation. The story is bleak, very bleak, obviously [the poster being a pun!] and the photography contributes to it, always filmed under grey skies or at night, in brown fields or drak woods, with the only touch of colour being the red clothes worn by the victims. But what makes the film so captivating is the helplessness and desperation of the detectives, which gradually acknowledge their incapacity to solve the murders and convince the serial killer. (The actual killer on whose murders the film is based got arrested and convinced, based on DNA data, after the film came out.)

bats [and viruses]

Nature highlights

A mostly genetics issue of Nature this week (of October 13), as the journal contains an article on the genomes of 300 individuals from 142 diverse populations across the globe, and another one on the genetic history of Australia Aborigines, plus a third one of 483 individuals from 125 populations drawing genetic space barriers, leading to diverging opinions on the single versus multiple out-of-Africa scenario. As some of these papers are based on likelihood-based techniques, I wish I had more time to explore the statistics behind. Another paper builds a phylogeny of violence in mammals, rising as one nears the primates. I find the paper most interesting but I am not convinced by the genetic explanation of violence, in particular because it seems hard to believe that data about Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods can be that informative about the death rate due to intra-species violence. And to conclude on a “pessimistic” note, the paper that argues there is a maximum lifespan for humans, meaning that the 122 years enjoyed (?) by Jeanne Calment from France may remain a limit. However, the argument seems to be that the observed largest, second largest, &tc., ages at death reached a peak in 1997, the year Jeanne Calment died, and is declining since then. That does not sound super-convincing when considering extreme value theory, since 1997 is the extreme event and thus another extreme event of a similar magnitude is not going to happen immediately after.

Darwin’s radio [book review]

When in Sacramento two weeks ago I came across the Beers Books Center bookstore, with a large collection of used and (nearly) new cheap books and among other books I bought Greg Bear’s Darwin Radio. I had (rather) enjoyed another book of his’, Hull Zero Three, not to mention one of his first books, Blood Music, I read in the mid 1980’s, and the premises of this novel sounded promising, not mentioning the Nebula award. The theme is of a major biological threat, apparently due to a new virus, and of the scientific unraveling of what the threat really means. (Spoilers alert!) In that respect it sounds rather similar to the (great) Crichton‘s The Andromeda Strain, which is actually mentioned by some characters in this book. As is Ebola, as a sort of contrapoint (since Ebola is a deadly virus, although the epidemic in Western Africa now seems to have vanished). The biological concept exploited here is dormant DNA in non-coding parts of the genome that periodically get awaken and induce massive steps in the evolution. So massive that carriers of those mutations are killed by locals. Until the day it happens in an all-connected World and the mutation can no longer be stopped. The concept is compelling if not completely convincing of course, while the outcome of a new human race, which is to Homo Sapiens what Homo Sapiens was to Neanderthal, is rather disappointing. (How could it be otherwise?!) But I did appreciate the postulate of a massive and immediate change in the genome, even though the details were disputable and the dismissal of Dawkins‘ perspective poorly defended. From a stylistic perspective, the style is at time heavy, while there are too many chance occurrences, like the main character happening to be in Georgia for a business deal (spoilers, spoilers!) at the times of the opening of collective graves, or the second main character coming upon a couple of Neanderthal mummies with a Sapiens baby, or yet this pair of main characters falling in love and delivering a live mutant baby-girl. But I enjoyed reading it between San Francisco and Melbourne, with a few hours of lost sleep and work. It is a page turner, no doubt! I also like the political undercurrents, from riots to emergency measures, to an effective dictatorship controlling pregnancies and detaining newborns and their mothers.

One important thread in the book deals with anthropology digs getting against Native claims to corpses and general opposition to such digs. This reminded me of a very recent article in Nature where a local Indian tribe had claimed rights to several thousand year old skeletons, whose DNA was then showed to be more related with far away groups than the claimants. But where the tribe was still granted the last word, in a rather worrying jurisprudence.